The La Vérendrye family then travelled west via the Great Lakes, building Fort Maurepas on the Red River (1734), followed by four other posts within the present area of Manitoba. Southwest across the prairies to the Saskatchewan River. In 1690–92, Henry Kelsey, an HBC employee, penetrated Trading posts were soon established along the shores of Hudson Bay: Fort Hayes in 1682 (replaced with Fort York in 1684) and Fort Churchill in 1717–18 (replaced with Prince of Wales Fort in 1731). In 1670, two French Canadian explorers interested in the fur trade, Des Groseilliers and Radisson, persuaded Charles II of England to establish the Hudson's Bay Company and to grant it a huge territory (part of which is modern Manitoba), to be called Rupert’s Land. The westward expansion of the fur trade encouraged further exploration in Manitoba. Of navigators, including Thomas Button(1612), Jens Munk (1619–20), and Luke Fox and Thomas James (1631), searched the shoreline for the Northwest Passage. The history of European exploration in Manitoba did not begin in the south, but in the coldest and most remote area - the shores of Hudson Bay. Trade networks that stretched as far as the Pacific Coast in the West and the Gulf of Mexico in the South. Items made of copper, pipestone, obsidian and shells found at archaeological sites in Manitoba indicate that prior to European contact, Indigenous people participated in long-distance Those who lived in the Hudson Bay Lowland also hunted waterfowl such as geese, while the Indigenous people of the plains relied on buffaloĪs a source of food and material for clothing, shelter and tools. Prior to the arrival of Europeans, Indigenous people in Manitoba relied on hunting moose, caribou, bear and beaver, and to a lesser degree fishing. Groups in Manitoba alongside the Cree, are much more recent arrivals, having lived in Manitoba for less than 300 years. The Anishinaabeg ( see Ojibwa), today one of the largest Indigenous The ancestors of these groups arrived in Manitoba between 10,000 and 13,000 BCE. On the plains in the south, the Cree whose vast territory stretched from the plains to the Hudson Bay Lowland in the north, and the Dene who occupied the far north. The area that became Manitoba is part of the traditional territory of the Assiniboine and Dakota who lived (courtesy Native Land Digital / Native-Land.ca) Indigenous People Assiniboine, Cree, Dene and Ojibwa traditional territory. ( See also Geography of Manitoba.) History Further north is boreal forest and bush-tundra by Hudson Bay. This grassland transitions to mixed forest toward the centre of the province. In terms of vegetation, southern Manitoba is characterized by open grassland. In addition, many of Western Canada’s major rivers flow into southern Manitoba, namely the Saskatchewan, All three are the remnants of Lake Agassiz. Lakes and rivers make up 101,590 km 2 of the province, comprising one-sixth of its total area. Of Canada’s 10 provinces, Manitoba ranks third in water coverage. Manitoba’s principal resource is fresh water. Hydroelectric power,įreshwater fishing, metal mines and some forestry are located in the Canadian Shield region. Churchill, Manitoba’s only saltwater port, is located in the Hudson Bay Lowland. By comparison, the Hudson Bay Lowland and the Canadian Shield are This region is also where most of Manitoba’s arable land is located. Population is concentrated in the southwestern corner of the province, in the Interior Plains physiographic region. These three regions are the Hudson Bay Lowland,Ĭanadian Shield and the Interior Plains. Manitoba is divided by three of Canada’s seven physiographic regions.
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